The book is reference material on rotating machinery basics, pump overhaul, mechanical seals, basic vibration, and shaft alignment. Facilities instructions, standards, and techniques volume 21. With a loadonpad design, figure 1 the shaft is free to laterally within bearing clearance, and alignment data is difficult to obtain without temporary bearing shims to stabilize the sham with a loadbetweenpad design, figure 1 b, the shaft remains stable during the alignment procedure. Abstract shaft alignment is a key factor in reducing vibrations and. Reverse alignmentunderstanding centerline measurement by. The truth is that it is virtually impossible to correctly align engine and shaft with the methods that are commonly used. Before inserting, the bolts are to be sprayed with molykote. Pdf reports can be generated and directly saved from the system onto a usb stick. Shaft aligning techniques shaft alignment by conventional method shaft alignment by dial test indicator dti shaft alignment by using laser equipment shaft alignment by using computer. Shaft alignment training course ppt presentation and machine.
Bearing clearance radial gap between the shaft and the bearing shell. It uses two dial indicators, one on each shaft, to measure the parallel and angular misalignment as shown in figure 21. Shaft alignment can be done utilizing several methods and tools, such as straightedges, calipers, dial indicators, optics, or laser systems. For example, the only correct way to express shaft alignment tolerances is in terms of alignment conditions at the coupling, and we will describe several ways to do this. A practical guide to shaft alignment plant services. He is a member of asme, the vibration institute, and the pacific energy association. Alignment and couplings 3 the reverse indicator method is another shaft alignment method.
The bent shaft affects alignment process by showing improper reading. This guide provides information for the implementation of good pulley alignment of beltdriven equipment including terminology, alignment methods as well as belt maintenance, storage and tensioning. Oct 08, 2017 shaft alignment is the process of aligning two or more shafts with each other to within a tolerated margin. A laser shaft alignment by ipspsds for rotary machine article pdf available in international journal of engineering and technology 44. Yes, the shaft coupling to transmission coupling needs to fit within several thousandths, but what were talking here is the coupling fit, not the shaft alignment. This video is intended to guide a user through the shaft alignment process for a typical mid engine, direct drive tournament ski boat. View a pdf document of sample slides from the modules 1 to 8 of the shaft alignment course sample slides in the machinery shaft alignment training course. Measure and correct alignment of the machine to achieve the final alignment to the required targets within tolerances.
Produce pdf reports directly from the display unit and save to usb. Hot alignment in the past, a hot alignment check may have been used to check the accuracy of the cold alignment procedure. For instance, if the inner diameter of the shaft log is 1. Shaftalign shaft alignment system for beginners pruftechnik. The shaft alignment training course provides a highly practical knowledge of the use of dial gauge in coupling alignment. Visually check coupling, pipehangers, base bolts, coupling spacing etc. Requirement of shaft alignment every of shipyards must to meet the recommendations to prevent or minimize disturbances of the engine position, established bearing location, stern tube bearing inclination. Alignment process alignment process consists of the design and analysis, the alignment procedure and measurements. A new motion graphic from ludeca outlines an easy and effective way to align your rotating equipment and brings you one step closer to best. Shaft alignment, often called coupling alignment, is a process to make two or more rotating shafts colinear, or in the same straight line, both vertically and horizontally. The data validity rule 1 shown in following equation. Proper alignment of rotating equipment has a long been recognized as a prerequisite to safe, reliable operation. Shaft alignment training course ppt presentation and.
The goal of the alignment process is to create a straight line through the coupling. Reverse alignmentunderstanding centerline measurement by c. The motor should then be moved into proper alignment and joined to the coupling. The content of this infographic is a basic guide to realign machines. Care has been taken by the authors, pruftechnik ltd, in the preparation of this publication. Start a free trial now to save yourself time and money.
Listed below are descriptions of some of the components most closely associated with the unit alignment. How sighting, boring and alignment of ships propeller shaft. If, on the other hand, you update your knowledge of shaftalignment techniques and acceptable alignment tolerances, you might be on the way to becoming more reliabilityfocused. Pump alignment form fill out and sign printable pdf. In practice, proper alignment is difficult to achieve without using alignment equipment such as dial indicators or laser alignment tools. It is important to establish a set procedure to perform alignments. The procedure for doing reverse dial indicator alignment is not a difficult one.
The rotating equipment machine shaft coupling alignment training course covers several alignment methods like straight edge alignment, rim face alignment, reverse dial indicator alignment procedure and the basic principle applied to laser alignment technique. Veedrive ski boats require additional steps and instruction. Jan 22, 2014 offset shaft alignments require specific shaft alignment equipment. Shaft misalignment is responsible for as much as 50 percent of all costs related to rotating machinery breakdowns. The nature of inboard drive systems it is a common belief that engines and shaft couplings have to be aligned to tolerances of a few thousandths. How sighting, boring and alignment of ships propeller. For example, the only correct way to express shaftalignment tolerances is in terms of alignment conditions at the coupling, and we will describe several ways to do this.
Shaft alignment methods explained bright hub engineering. The main purpose of shaft alignment is to make sure that the center line of the motor rotor shaft coincides with the center line of the driven machinery i. Therefore, the change in shaft alignment may occur due to bending of the propeller shaft, during this process. The fixturlaser xa is capable of doing this type of alignment using a special bracket set and alignment program. The primary reasons why machinery is misaligned is lack of proper training, improper tools to do the job, and that people are not given enough time to do it right. Shaft alignment tolerances historically, shaft alignment tolerances have been governed by the coupling manufacturers design specifications. The alignment of shaft with the bearing and housing, which is a manufacturing tolerance stackup of the bearing parts and the housing bores and faces. Oct 19, 2019 therefore, the change in shaft alignment may occur due to bending of the propeller shaft, during this process. Achieving proper alignment, however, involves much more than merely adjustment the machines so that the shafts are coaxial.
Repeat this procedure for the 3 to 9 oclock direction. A simple and effective procedure for doing shaft alignment of rotating machinery. Shaft alignment procedure mantenimiento planificado. After removing the cardan shaft the special offset fixture mounts across the coupling flange of the driven machine. Compressor engineering corporation in the optical alignment field, until the formation in i985 of bently nevada alignment service corporation. Shaftalign os3 is easily extendable through the activation of powerful options as the alignment requirements grow. Fill out, securely sign, print or email your pump alignment form instantly with signnow. There are several steps which need to be taken for a successful alignment job. A guide to shaft alignment achieving a satisfactory shaft alignment is paramount for the safe and reliable operation of a ship during its lifetime. Nov 08, 2017 shaft line alignment procedure, sag gap. Measurement of gapsag for flange coupling main engine intermediate shaft. The pump shaft should now be centered in the stuffing box and in its guide bearings.
Therefore, it is important for designers, to consider the effect of hogging and sagging of the hull girder on the change in alignment of the shafting system. Pdf laseroptical alignment of shafts in rotating machinery is simple and more. Propeller thrust and engine torque will cause the engine to change position. Understandably, you might be looking for ways to simplify some of your traditional work processes and procedures. Here you can download the pdf template of the tksa 20 shaft alignment report, which can be used for documenting of your alignment activities. It is not intended as a comprehensive guide to alignment of process machinery, nor is it a substitute for seeking professional advice or reference to the manufacturers of the machinery. Lathe turret motor coupling alignment introduction if the turret crashes, the coupling 1 for the turret motor can slip move out of position in relation to the motor shaft. Regarding john gross question about how a shaft can be aligned with so many things being so wobbly. Proper shaft alignment is especially critical when the motor is operated at high speeds.
An essential component of any successful alignment procedure is the. Lloyds register emeas technical investigations provides a comprehensive range of measurement and advisory services to help owners, operators and yards to help to ensure that the best. A b d r f bf br a distance from measurement plane to rear feet b distance from the measurement plane to the front feet d diameter. Improper alignment leads to increase of stresses in the shafts and thus on the equipment, which might result in break down of the machine. Jun 08, 2011 this centers the shaft in the shaft log and gets rid of the wiggle, assuming your cutless bearing was recently replaced. Pdf basic shaft alignment workbook for industrial rotatin. Now the shaft alignment measurement procedure can begin. Use this simple and effective procedure for shaft alignment of your rotating equipment. The ergonomic display unit with touch screen makes the instrument very easy to use and the builtin machine library helps storing alignment reports for multiple machines. The original function of a flexible coupling was to accommodate the small amounts of shaft misalignment remaining after the completion of a shaft alignment using a straight edge or feeler gauges. Most technicians involved in shaft alignment understand the negative consequences of a soft foot condition and procedures for identifying it. Understanding the need for offset shaft alignment vibralign. Changes in the temperature of machines from off line to running can have a significant impact on the shaft alignment.
Because of the rubber mounts, the engine will not be in the same position when running as it is when stopped, when the alignment is made. I myself have seen electricians and mechanics alike becoming frustrated trying to determine the cause of speed fluctuations and vibration in offset shaft driven equipment. Pulley alignment guide precision alignment is an essential part of a proactive reliability program. Dec 01, 2002 shaft alignment tolerances historically, shaft alignment tolerances have been governed by the coupling manufacturers design specifications. Several equipment alignment methods, especially the reverse dial indicator method, which is the principle used in laser alignment is covered in explicit detail. The most secure digital platform to get legally binding, electronically signed documents in just a few seconds. Shaft alignment is a method or procedure by which shafts of machines such as motors and turbines are connected to a generator or pump in proper alignment. Dial gauge alignment procedure in covered with detailed animation. Basic shaft alignment workbook for industrial rotatin n1achincrv. It is not intended as a comprehensive guide to alignment of process machinery, nor is it a substitute for seeking professional advice or.
Measure, diagnose, and correct soft foot with the assistance of the laser system and feeler gauges. Procedure for shaft alignment engineering tolerance. Do not use force against the crankshaft or driven equipment shaft while taking the indicator readings. The purpose of this document is to provide guidance for vertical shaft alignment including when alignment procedures should be considered, and therefore, all information in this document is presented as plain text as required. While at facilities across the country i noticed a lack of understanding regarding the need for precision alignment of offset shaft driven rotating equipment. A practical guide to pulley alignment plant services. Alignment procedure an executable part of the alignment process where alignment is performed in accordance with the defined requirements. These changes in the shaft alignment can be accommodated in a. The alignment of misaligned shaft are done by using different types of shaft alignment methods which are mention below. View a pdf document of the machine alignment training course content and coverage shaft alignment training course content. You must first take the wobble out of it, then align the coupling flange on. Next, install the coupling to the driven equipment.
All measurements are taken on the rim of the coupling hubs. However, factory tests have shown that the results of the hot alignment check are inconsistent. Mar 15, 2016 this video is intended to guide a user through the shaft alignment process for a typical mid engine, direct drive tournament ski boat. The shaft alignment procedure is not expected to start before. Facilities instructions, standards, and techniques volume. Our alignment software is used for preparing, analyzing, archiving measurement files and printing professional reports. If, on the other hand, you update your knowledge of shaft alignment techniques and acceptable alignment tolerances, you might be on the way to becoming more reliabilityfocused. Shaft alignment should be an organized and simple process. Dual psd, dual laser beams and dual inclinometers for superior control and accuracy.
Aim to have all soft foot readings within 2 mils thou. Shaft aligning procedure preliminary checks visually check coupling, pipe hangers, base bolts, coupling spacing etc. If this occurs, the male and female couplings 2 behind the turret 3 do not align and cannot engage clamp during a tool change. Measurement of gapsag for flange coupling main engine intermediate. Standard industry norms for alignment tolerances are cited in table 1. Pdf a laser shaft alignment by ipspsds for rotary machine. Alignment procedure represented by resultant images a. The proper shaft alignment procedure is to secure the driven equipment first because moving a pump, for example, would stress the connecting piping. The intuitive and affordable laser shaft alignment system skf shaft alignment tool tksa 31 the tksa 31 is skf s most affordable solution for easy laser shaft alignment.
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